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Somersham in Revolt 1
1640-42

We tend to think of the issue of enclosing common land as an 18th century phenomena, but in fact the origins go back much further. In Somersham the Duke of Manchester, as tenant of the Queen's palace of Somersham, had enclosed much of the common heath land around the palace that the villagers were accustomed to use for grazing their cattle. It would also seem from our first piece, that the riots caused some debate amongst the Queens household as to the wisdom of the enclosures. What is particularly interesting is to note how this local crisis was played out against the events leading to the start of the Civil War.

Item 1
Charles 1 Domestic State Papers
22 April 1641

There was besides a long debate in the Queens Council concerning the ascertaining of the copyhold fines in all the manors of her Majesties Jointure at the first proposal whereof you were present……..

I presented them with a bill of fees delivered me by the Clerk of the parliament for passing the Queen’s Jointure in the highest house and Sir Thomas Hatton, for whom I also got an order from them concerning the improvement at Somersham spake in their behalf as he promised me he would
(Nathaniel Tomkyns to Sir John Lambe)


Item 2
Journal of the House of Lords –
Volume IV p204
Die Veneris, videlicet 2 die Aprilis (1641)
It was moved that whereas the Queen’s Majesty and her Tenants have been in the quiet possession of certain improved lands in Pinchbeke and Somersham, Parcel of the manors of Spaldinge and Somersham (being part of her Majesties Jointure) for some years past; yet now of late, and sitting this present Parliament, some have disorderly attempted the breaking down of the fences of the said improvements and putting in their Cattle upon the Premises, and the Molestation of Her Majesties Tenants and their Quiet of the same, refusing also to pay their former Rents; it is therefore thought fit and ORDERED, That Her Majesty, and all claiming from and under Her, shall by virtue of this Order, quietly and peaceably hold and enjoy the said Lands in the several Moanors, and have and receive the Rents thereof, without any Interruption, Disturbance or Molestation, until this House shall give further Order therein by hearing of the Cause here, or that it be tried in some other Court of Justice.

Item 3

Die maris videlicet 27 Die Aprilis

The Bill of Attainder against Strafford was read.

Whereas a former order was made in this House for the Quieting of Her Majesties Possession and her Tenants and Owners, within the manors and lands of Somersham in the County of Huntingdon; another like Order was made for the Quieting of the Possessions of Needingworth and St Ives in the Said County of Huntingdon belonging to the Earl of Manchester, Lord Privy Seal, which Orders as is informed, have been disobeyed, and the Townsmen of the same Manors have, in high contempt, and in rebellious manner, notoriously assembled themselves by Sound of Drum, and gone together and pulled down the fences and cast in the ditches of the improved grounds within the said manors, threatening more mischiefs in Case they be hindered in their violent Courses, it is therefore thought fit and so OREDERED That the Sheriff of the County of Huntingdon shall, by virtue of this Order, repair unto the place and preserve the Peace of the said County and suppress the Riot, Tumults and Disorders that shall arise or happen within the said manors, or any of them, or in any of the grounds lately improved within the said manors; and further, that such persons against whom Affidavit shall be made to have disobeyed or contemned the said former orders, shall be sent for, as Delinquents, by the Gentleman Usher attending this House, to answer their Disorders and Contempts and that the said Sheriff and Deputy Lieutenants of that County shall be aiding and assisting the Officer of this House, in the Execution of this Order.

 

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